Te parahanga i roto i te umanga kakahu
● I te Huihuinga Auaha me te Ahua o te Āhua o te Ao i te tau 2019, i kī a Sun Ruizhe, te perehitini o te Kaunihera Kakahu me te Kākahu ā-Motu o Haina, kua riro te umanga kakahu me te kākahu hei tuarua o ngā umanga poke nui rawa atu o te ao, tuarua ki te umanga hinu anake;
● E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te China Circular Economy Association, tata ki te 26 miriona tana o ngā kākahu tawhito e makaia ana ki roto i ngā ipu para i tōku whenua i ia tau, ā, ka piki ake tēnei tatauranga ki te 50 miriona tana i muri i te tau 2030;
● E ai ki te whakatau tata a te Kaunihera Kākahu me te Rakau ā-Motu o Haina, ka makaia e tōku whenua ngā para kakahu i ia tau, he rite ki te 24 miriona tana o te hinu mata. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā kakahu tawhito ka makahia tonutia mā te whenua ururua, mā te tahunga rānei, ā, ka pā kino te taiao ki ēnei mea e rua.
Ngā otinga mō ngā raruraru parahanga – ngā muka e ahu mai ana i te koiora
Ko ngā muka hangai i roto i ngā kakahu he mea hanga i ngā rauemi mata hinu-matū, pērā i ngā muka polyester (polyester), ngā muka polyamide (nailona, nailona rānei), ngā muka polyacrylonitrile (ngā muka acrylic), me ētahi atu.
● I te piki haere o te korenga o ngā rauemi hinu, me te ara ake o te mōhiotanga o te iwi ki te tiaki i te taiao, kua tīmata hoki ngā kāwanatanga ki te mahi i ngā mahi maha hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hinu, me te kimi i ngā rauemi whakahou ake e pai ana ki te taiao hei whakakapi.
● Nā te korenga o te hinu me ngā raruraru taiao, kua āta wehe atu ngā whenua kaha ki te hanga muka matū tuku iho pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, me Hapani i te hanga muka matū tuku iho, ā, kua tahuri ki ngā muka koiora he nui ake te hua, ā, he iti ake te pānga o ngā rauemi, o te taiao rānei.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi polyester koiora-pūmau (PET/PEF) ki te hanga muka koiora-pūmau, mehiako hanga-koiora.
I roto i te pūrongo hou a "Textile Herald" mō "Review and Prospect of World Textile Technology", i kīia:
● Kua ārahi te PET 100% e ahu mai ana i te koiora ki te urunga atu ki te umanga kai, pērā i ngā inu Coca-Cola, te kai Heinz, me te takai o ngā hua horoi, ā, kua uru atu hoki ki ngā hua muka o ngā waitohu hākinakina rongonui pērā i a Nike;
● Kua kitea ngā hua tīhāte PET, PEF rānei, he mea hanga ki te koiora 100% i te mākete.
I te haere tonu o te mōhiotanga o te tangata ki te tiaki i te taiao, ka whai hua ake ngā hua koiora i roto i ngā mara o ngā hua hauora, kai me te tiaki hauora e pā tata ana ki te oranga o te tangata.
● I roto i te "Mahere Whakawhanake Ahumahi Kakahu (2016-2020)" me te "Mahere Tekau mā Toru o ngā Tau Rima" o te Ahumahi Kakahu, i mārama te whakamārama mō te ahunga whakamua o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, ko te huarahi mahi e whai ake nei ko: te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi muka hou e ahu mai ana i te koiora hei whakakapi i ngā rauemi hinu, me te whakatairanga i te Ahumahi o ngā muka e ahu mai ana i te koiora moana.
He aha te muka e ahu mai ana i te koiora?
● Ko ngā muka e ahu mai ana i te koiora e pā ana ki ngā muka i hangaia mai i ngā rauropi ora tonu, i ō rātou tangohanga rānei. Hei tauira, ko te muka waikawa polylactic (muka PLA) he mea hanga mai i ngā hua ahuwhenua kei roto he māngaro pērā i te kānga, te witi, me te pīti huka, ā, ko te muka alginate he mea hanga mai i te rimurimu parauri.
● Ehara i te mea he matomato, he pai hoki mō te taiao tēnei momo muka koiora, engari he tino pai hoki te mahi me te nui ake o te uara tāpiri. Hei tauira, ko ngā āhuatanga miihini, te pirau koiora, te ngāwari ki te mau, te kore e mura, te pai ki te kiri, te ārai huakita, me ngā āhuatanga tango makuku o ngā muka PLA kāore i te iti iho i ērā o ngā muka tuku iho. He rauemi mata kounga teitei te muka alginate mō te hanga i ngā takai hauora tino waikura, nō reira he uara tono motuhake i roto i te mara hauora me te hauora. pēnei i te waea rauemi houhiako hanga-koiora/hiako huawhenua.
He aha me whakamātautau ai i ngā hua mō ngā ihirangi koiora?
I te mea e piki haere ana te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā hua matomato e pai ana ki te taiao, haumaru, e ahu mai ana i te koiora. Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā muka e ahu mai ana i te koiora i roto i te mākete kakahu i ia rā, i ia rā, ā, he mea nui kia whakawhanakehia ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te nui o ngā rauemi e ahu mai ana i te koiora hei hopu i te painga tuatahi i roto i te mākete. Me whai ihirangi e ahu mai ana i te koiora ngā hua e ahu mai ana i ngā koiora ahakoa kei roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga, te whakahaere kounga, te hoko rānei. Ka taea e te whakamātautau e ahu mai ana i te koiora te āwhina i ngā kaihanga, ngā kaituku, ngā kaihoko rānei:
● R&D Hua: Ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau e ahu mai ana i te koiora i roto i te tukanga whakawhanaketanga hua e ahu mai ana i te koiora, ka taea te whakamārama i ngā ihirangi e ahu mai ana i te koiora i roto i te hua hei whakahaere i te whakapainga;
● Te whakahaere kounga: I te wā o te tukanga whakaputa hua koiora, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau koiora ki ngā rauemi mata kua tukuna hei whakahaere tika i te kounga o ngā rauemi mata o te hua;
● Te whakatairanga me te hokohoko: He taputapu hokohoko tino pai ngā ihirangi koiora, ka taea te āwhina i ngā hua ki te whiwhi whakawhirinaki mai o ngā kaihoko me te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga mākete.
Me pēhea te tautuhi i te ihirangi koiora i roto i tētahi hua? – Whakamātautau waro 14
Ka taea e te whakamātautau waro-14 te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga koiora me ngā wāhanga matū hinu i roto i tētahi hua. Nā te mea he rite te nui o te waro 14 ki te nui o te waro 14 i roto i te āhuarangi kei roto i ngā rauropi hou, engari kāore he waro 14 kei roto i ngā rauemi mata matū hinu.
Mena he 100% te nui o te waro i roto i te hua whakamātautau koiora o tētahi hua, ko te tikanga he 100% te pūtake koiora o te hua; ki te 0% te hua whakamātautau o tētahi hua, ko te tikanga he matū hinu katoa te hua; ki te 50% te hua whakamātautau, ko te tikanga he 50% o te hua nō te pūtake koiora, ā, he 50% o te waro nō te pūtake matū hinu.
Ko ngā paerewa whakamātautau mō ngā kakahu ko te paerewa Amerika ASTM D6866, te paerewa Pākehā EN 16640, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: 22-Pepuere-2022
